Why redemption through the death of God’s Incarnate Son?
Earlier this week I posted some thoughts on the subject of how Jesus saves us. This prompted a commenter to ask the pertinent question of why the 'saving' had to happen through the death of God's Son.
I posted an answer in the comment section, but, as it was quite long, I thought it might be worth re-posting it here.
As a result of our sins we have distorted God into either a cruel tyrant or a
permissive, non-demanding force of love or simply into the non-existent
sanction of an oppressive morality--to mention just a few of the many
possibilities. In rescuing us, God responded to our needs. He took into
consideration our distortions of His divine reality, our suspicions, mistrust,
and aggressiveness towards the Divine. In the state of sinfulness we needed
more than just moral exhortation and a divine offer of grace to convert us.
God's grace had to provide us with convincing and tangible evidence for the
reality of His infinite compassion and of His holiness; if it was to respect
our rational nature, this evidence had to be both external and internal:
historical facts and inner persuasion of grace; it had to be of such power as
to shake our fiercely defended idols and dislodge our chained will from slavery
and move it towards the right relationship with the living God. In this context
the Incarnation and the cross appear indeed as the most appropriate way for our
own rescue. God Himself became a human being, and made His own--not the guilt
of humankind, a metaphysical absurdity--but the consequences of human
sinfulness, that burden of threefold alienation that reaches its climax in
death. In this way God showed us in a most convincing manner His own true
nature that is pure love and mercy.
The public ministry of Jesus itself shows that even the teaching;
the powerful deeds of the Incarnate God were not enough to change the hearts of
His audience. All that Jesus could achieve through His life was to unmask and
provoke the power of evil in both the leaders and the crowds of His people so
that they crucified Him in the name of religion and the defence of public
order. But precisely through His death on the cross, through His side pierced
by a lance did God reveal His compassionate love in its fullness, a love by
which God Himself took upon Himself the burden of each human being's sins. Only
then could God's grace working inside our will win over our free cooperation,
so that by the power of grace we might change our hearts and begin a new life.
Secondly, another consideration is a simple re-working of
St. Anselm's argument. Sin is in fact an offence against God Himself, not in
the sense of threatening or diminishing God's divinity, dignity, or glory, but
in the sense of affecting God Himself since God take seriously the human being
whom He has created in His own image and likeness. If then sin is an offence
against God Himself, then it is, in some real sense, of infinite gravity. If,
consequently, God decides to treat sinful humankind as adults so that the
sinners must face the consequences of their actions and obtain forgiveness by
making up for their "infinite" offence, they cannot do this on their
own. Only if God becomes a human being, if God takes upon Himself the death of
the sinner and turns the process of estrangement ending in death into the human
expression of infinite divine love, only then can they unite themselves through
faith with the life and death of the Incarnate Son of God. To put it briefly,
if God had not satisfied as a human being for the sins of humankind, humankind
could not make its own this satisfaction. If the Incarnate Son of God had not
offered an infinite love through His living and dying to the Father, we could
not have united ourselves to Christ's death, and could not have obtained
forgiveness.
Finally, if our sins offended God in His fatherly love by
refusing the grace of being a child of God, then it appears very appropriate
that the only Son of God should become Incarnate and as a human being, offer to
God that unique filial love which God the Holy Father deserves; only then can
we, through faith, unite ourselves to the only Son and offer, "through
Him, with Him, and in Him" the love and honour the Father deserves to
receive from us.
Instead of asking for a hypothetical answer, whether or not
God would have become Incarnate if man and woman had not sinned, we have
investigated the actual situation of human sinfulness. It is in response to
this actual situation that we can understand and appreciate the mystery of
Christ, which contains inseparably both Incarnation and Redemption on the
Cross.
I don’t have time now, so let me concentrate on what I consider the most germane aspects of what you write and allow me to first summarize these first as follows:
ReplyDelete1. Because of our sinfulness we have a distorted view of God's nature.
2. God can save us only by rectifying our distorted view.
3. Any means of such rectification must respect our rationality and freedom.
4. Such means also require showing us that God is infinitely compassionate and holy.
5. Because of their sheer evidentiary power (as facts of history and of “interior” provocations of grace) the incarnation and cross are the "most appropriate way" for God to take on the burden of the consequences of human sinfulness (our distorted view of God) and in so doing (a) show us his infinite compassion while (b) respecting our rationality and so (c) rectifying our distorted view and allowing us to freely convert to him and participate in his life, etc.
It seems to me that this account of the value and meaning of the life and death of the godman makes salvation out to be a matter not of objective propitiation for wrong done, but an act of inter-subjective communication which, in order to be effective, can only work on an individual-by-individual basis and demands in each case not only that there be one who wills the form of what is communicated (God through Jesus) but one who, by virtue of that form, understands the communication. In other words, it is all very well that God allows Jesus to be nailed to death on a cross, but if I or you or anyone else fails to understand what God is communicating by this permission, then this nailing is without meaning.
An immediate objection comes to mind. If sin has distorted our view of God, how could we receive a demonstration from him without distorting it? And if we do distort the meaning of the demonstration and so miss its intention, how are we culpable for that? After all, we were born with inherited sin that distorted our view and this distorted view did not allow us to appreciate the meaning of the demonstration.
Given that our reason remains “intact” despite the other distortions of our nature due to our sinfulness, in what way does reason accord allowing an innocent to be horribly executed as being a sign of infinite compassion? You know, if Abraham told me that he loved God so much that he would be willing, if God should ask him, to kill his only son to demonstrate it, I might think this a pretty powerful and effective expression on Abraham’s part of the degree to which he loves God. But if I actually met Abraham on his way off with his son to commit such an act I would be horrified, think him mad, and surely see to it that he was restrained. Such an act does not at all seem to be reasonable. In fact, doesn’t St. Paul point out as much when he talks of the cross as an offense to the Greeks?
Have to stop now.
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DeleteDue to the character limitations of the comm box, I have posted my response here The Outrage of the Cross
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